Plant resistance to drought relies on adaptive strategies based on the timing of phenophases and on the presence of structural traits mainly related to. Growth, physiology, and biochemical activities of plant. Oct 11, 2019 we identified and characterized the role of atpr5k2, a pr5like receptor kinase, in aba core signaling during plant responses to drought stress. Drought stress effects on medicinal and aromatic plants. Drought and heat stresses can influence the expressions of genes, and thereby affect the growth and development of plants. The stressed plants exhibit striking responses by producing plant hormone abscisic acid aba, which plays an important role in tolerance against drought. Nips also play an important role in drought and salt stress responses and in maintaining plant water balance. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptive responses to drought can effectively allow for improved performance across a broad range of water environments. Improving crop tolerance to drought stress is an effective strategy for the promotion of sustainable agriculture in most crop production regions worldwide. Whole plant responses, key processes, and adaptation to drought stress. Nevertheless, it is clear that the main consequences of the stress are to reduce the rate of cell division and expansion, which results in the plants forming smaller. Cost1 regulates autophagy to control plant drought.
Many of the phenotypic changes such as changes of biomass were readily detectable upon stress treatment, whereas others such as dynamics of water content were less obvious or too subtle to be discerned by eye figure 2b. We report here the identification of a plant specific protein, cost1 constitutively stressed 1, which attenuates autophagy under. Physiological responses of seedling leaves affected by drought treatments and the water recovery period. Plant responses to integrated light and co2 control glase. Snf1related protein kinases 2 snrk2s are key regulators governing the plant adaptive responses to osmotic stresses, such as drought and high salinity. Many studies have reported responses to drought stress in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. A wide range of plant responses to these stresses could be generalized into morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses. By modifying the production, distribution or signal transduction of these hormones, plants are able to regulate and coordinate both growth andor stress tolerance to promote survival or escape from environmental stress. We report here the identification of a plantspecific protein, cost1 constitutively stressed 1, which attenuates autophagy under. Background and aim water is an increasingly scarce resource while some crops, such as paddy rice, require large amounts of water to maintain grain production. The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Under stress conditions, phosphorylation of nips increased, indicating that, similarly to other aqps, these proteins may play a key role in plant stress responses 38. Ambavaram, and andy pereira virginia bioinformatics institute, virginia polytechnic institute and state university, blacksburg, virginia 24061 plant drought stress response and resistance are complex biological. Ck downregulation was achieved by overexpression of the gene for ck deactivating enzyme cytokinin oxidasedehydrogenase ckx. Plants immune system have evolved numerous stress detection. A better understanding of rice drought adaptation and tolerance mechanisms could help to reduce this problem. Alternative splicing in tea plants was extensively triggered. Apr 23, 2018 physiological responses to drought stress and water recovery. Stress response in plants comprises repertoire of molecular, cellular crosstalk and signaling responses initiated through the detection of specific or combined biotic or abiotic stress effect that may result in the induction of sm. The plant hormone abscisic acid aba plays a major role in plant responses to stress. We therefore concluded that elevated co2 mitigates the effects of drought by maintaining plant turgor and reduced hydrogen peroxide production. Drought alone causes more annual loss in crop yield than all pathogens combined. Drought is one of the most devastating threats to agricultural sustainability worldwide. Predicting plant responses to drought sciencedaily.
Although rapid production of aba in response to drought and salt stresses is essential to define aba as a stress hormone, an equally rapid catabolism of aba when such stresses are relieved is also essential in that role. Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to osmotic stress l. Abiotic stress adversely affects crop production worldwide, decreasing average yields for most of the crops to 50%. Jun 29, 2017 a wide range of plant responses to these stresses could be generalized into morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses. Our phenotyping and hormonal study has characterized the role of cytokinins ck in the drought and recovery responses of arabidopsis thaliana. Research into the plant response to water stress is becoming. Cost1 regulates autophagy to control plant drought tolerance. The plant height of three drought tolerance groups all increased first and then decreased as the plant growth, and the height growth rate followed the same pattern fig. Pdf plant responses to drought and stress researchgate. Decrease in total dry weight was ascribed to significant decrease in plant growth, photosynthesis and canopy structure during drought stress in abelmoschus esculentum sankar et al. With the exception of flooding, the major drought stresses result in waterdeficit stress.
To investigate the physiological responses of maize seedlings to water deficit and recovery, the phenotypic traits, including rwc and leaf length, were evaluated at the following three timepoints. At the whole plant level, the effect of stress is usually perceived as a decrease in photosynthesis and growth. Research into the plant response to water stress is becoming increasingly important, as. The role of gibberellin signalling in plant responses to. In this article we will discuss about water stress or drought. Plant host and drought shape the root associated fungal. Drought triggers a wide variety of plant responses, ranging from cellular metabolism to changes in growth rates and crop yields. The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and. Structural and functional responses to environmental stresses. Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 2018, 18 2, 329343. Response of plants to water stress plant science frontiers. Positive regulatory role of strigolactone in plant.
Drought triggers a wide variety of plant responses, ranging from cellular metabolism to changes in growth. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in. Improved drought stress tolerance in arabidopsis by crispr. Plant hormones are small molecules that regulate plant growth and development, as well as responses to changing environmental conditions. Apr 17, 2020 drought alone causes more annual loss in crop yield than all pathogens combined. A new study shows how plants vulnerability to drought varies across the landscape. In the process of photosynthesis plants take carbon dioxide from the air and water from the roots and produce energy and sugars. Despite the compelling evidence of an important role of oxidized and reduced sulfurcontaining compounds during the response of plants to drought stress e. We identified and characterized the role of atpr5k2, a pr5like receptor kinase, in aba core signaling during plant responses to drought stress. The sheer diversity of plant species grown across climatic regions that include extreme dry conditions suggests that, in nature, plants have evolved to endure drought stress with an array of morphological. Among the environmental stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity. Imagederived parameters reflect drought stress responses. However, many factors beyond light influence photosynthesis and ultimately biomass accumulation including. There has been extensive research on plant responses to drought stress at the morphological 2,3,4,5,6, physiological 2, 7,8,9,10,11,12,14.
Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most. Plants respond to the stress in part by modulating gene expression, which eventually leads to the restoration. Although rapid production of aba in response to drought and salt stresses is essential to define aba as a stress hormone, an equally rapid catabolism of aba when such stresses are. The analysed literature shows that plants have evolved a number of adaptive mechanisms that allow the photochemical and biochemical systems to. Zhu department of plant sciences, university of arizona, tucson, az 85721, usa abstract drought, high salinity and freezing impose osmotic stress on plants. Plant responses to drought, acclimation, and stress tolerance. Effects of drought stress on morphological characteristics. Ckx or at the stress onset using a dexamethasoneinducible poplhgr promoter. Models disagree on how to represent effects of drought stress on plant gas exchange.
Mar 31, 2020 drought is one of the most devastating threats to agricultural sustainability worldwide. Drought dramatically affects plant growth and crop yield, but previous studies primarily examined responses to drought during vegetative development. In this article we will discuss about the plant responses to drought stress. Autophagy is known to be critical for plant responses to multiple stresses, including drought, but a direct link between drought tolerance and autophagy is still lacking. Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity and considered a severe threat for sustainable crop production in the conditions on changing climate.
The plant response to drought stress depends heavily on the duration and severity of the stress but is also influenced by the plants genotype and its developmental stage 2, 3. Molecular and genetic aspects of plant responses to osmotic. Pdf water deficit is considered the main limiting factor for the. Pdf plant responses to drought stress researchgate. The biochemical and molecular responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanism to water. The atpr5k2ox plants were hypersensitive to drought stress and tolerant of exogenous aba, suggesting that atpr5k2 mediates abadependent droughtstress signaling. Positive regulatory role of strigolactone in plant responses. It has been established that drought stress is a very important limiting factor at the initial phase of plant growth and. This special issue comprises a series of papers that develops the theme of plant responses to water stress, encompassing recent developments at the molecular level, through responses of photosynthesis and metabolism, to their application in crop selection and yield. Tea plants, widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, are often simultaneously exposed to drought and heat stresses.
Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites. Jan 14, 2014 environmental stresses, such as drought and high salinity, adversely affect plant growth and productivity. Alternative splicing as of genes plays crucial roles through increasing transcriptome diversity in plant stress responses. Mar, 2014 in order to develop strategies to maintain plant productivity, it is essential to understand the various regulatory mechanisms that control and enhance adaptive responses to stress in different plant species. Although various phytohormones are known to be involved in regulation of plant stress responses, the role of strigolactone sl in this important process remains elusive. The atpr5k2ox plants were hypersensitive to drought stress and tolerant of exogenous aba, suggesting that atpr5k2 mediates abadependent drought stress signaling.
Plants in nature are continuously exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant raflike kinases regulate the mrna population upstream of abaunresponsive snrk2 kinases under drought stress. Rnaseq reveals complicated transcriptomic responses to. Recent plant physiology and biochemistry articles elsevier. Plant responses to drought, acclimation, and stress. Understanding plant responses to drought from genes to. Plant raflike kinases regulate the mrna population. Moench but little is known about its effects on panicle development. There is evidence of a possible role of rootassociated fungi in drought adaptation. Here, to study responses to drought during reproductive development, we grew arabidopsis thaliana plants with limited water, under conditions that allowed the plants to initiate and complete reproduction. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of. Biochemical and molecular responses ecophysiological responses responses to drought under field conditions.
Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals regulatory networks and key genes controlling barley malting quality in responses to drought stress open. The pots on the right and left correspond to the droughttreated and wellwatered control plants, respectively. Stress and defense responses in relations to the production of plant secondary metabolites. Water relations and growth response to drought stress of. Some models assume drought stress affects the marginal water use efficiency of plants marginal wue. Physiological responses associated with water deficit stress in solanum lycopersicum rowland m kamanga 1, ernest mbega 2 and patrick ndakidemi 2 1 department of horticulture, lilongwe university of agriculture and natural resources, po box 219, lilongwe, malawi. It discusses the physiobiochemical, molecular and omic approaches, and responses of crop plants towards water stress.
Plant responses to drought stress in future climate co2. Alternative splicing in tea plants was extensively. Transcription factors and plants response to drought stress. Role of aba in integrating plant responses to drought and. Drought stress tolerance in plants, vol 1 physiology and biochemistry.
Drought is a severe environment stressor that affects both the productivity and growth of plants. In vivo phenotyping for the early detection of drought stress. Water stress responses in plants view all 11 articles. These tissuespecific responses modify the flux of cellular signals, resulting in early flowering or stunted growth and, often, reduced yield. The physiology of plant responses to drought science. Recently published articles from plant physiology and biochemistry. May 22, 2018 our phenotyping and hormonal study has characterized the role of cytokinins ck in the drought and recovery responses of arabidopsis thaliana. Ckx or at the stress onset using a dexamethasoneinducible poplhgr promoter dex. Our data suggest that this drought response is linked to drought tolerance of the.
To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire. Plant raflike kinases regulate the mrna population upstream. Phenotypic responses of b73 seedlings to drought stress ds and water recovery treatments at different time points a. Evaluating maize phenotype dynamics under drought stress. Accumulation of these compounds helps the stressed cells in water retention 89 and in the maintenance of the structural integrity of the cell. May 30, 2019 the transcriptional regulatory network in the drought response and its crosstalk in abiotic stress responses including drought, cold, and heat. Some of the most important responses of plants against drought stress are associated with the accumulation of minerals and enhanced synthesis of osmoprotectants, which are part of normal metabolism.
In vivo phenotyping for the early detection of drought. The analysed literature shows that plants have evolved a number of adaptive mechanisms that allow the photochemical and biochemical systems to cope with. Drought stress is the most prevalent environmental factor limiting crop productivity 1, and global climate change is increasing the frequency of severe drought conditions 2. A sustainable approach presents an uptodate indepth coverage of drought and flooding stress in plants, including the types, causes and consequences on plant growth and development.
Drought is the most important environmental stress that limits crop yield in a global warming world. Sinceplants started colonizing land,theyhad toadapt to. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to. Drought stress tolerance in plants, vol 1 physiology and. Morphological and physiological plant responses to drought stress. Of these stresses, drought represents a considerable threat to plant growth and. Plant responses to water stress annals of botany oxford. Among various abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production, drought stress is considered to be the main source of yield reduction around the globe. To adapt to moisture gradients in soil, plants alter their physiology, modify root growth and architecture, and close stomata on their aboveground segments. Drought is a type of dehydration stress and largely restricts crop productivity and quality. Article pdf available january 2003 with 1,485 reads. Atpr5k2, a pr5like receptor kinase, modulates plant. By using different molecular and physiological approaches, we provide compelling evidence that, in arabidopsis, sl.
Regulation of aquaporins in plants under stress biological. Whole plant responses, key processes, and adaptation to. Before d20, the height differences among the three drought groups were the smallest, and the height growth rates were. The discovery of novel genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought stress, and the.
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